{"id":25,"date":"2013-09-08T10:22:51","date_gmt":"2013-09-08T15:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/?p=25"},"modified":"2022-09-02T13:19:31","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T18:19:31","slug":"two-dimensional-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/?p=25","title":{"rendered":"Two-dimensional Materials?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Graphene<\/span><\/b> is one form of carbon atoms arranged in a densely packed hexagonal lattice.\u00a0 It has been called a two-dimensional material due to the fact that most references are to the form of the material that is only one atom thick.\u00a0 The properties of the material are, of course, significantly different from bulk graphite.\u00a0 Not surprisingly, two atom thick material has different properties from one atom or three atom thick material.\u00a0 As the number of atomic layers increases, the material properties become the bulk properties.\u00a0 There is large amount of research that needs to be completed before we can truly understand the benefits and challenges of the material.<\/p>\n

As with almost all novel materials, there are reports of possible dangers.\u00a0 The three references at the end of this blog link to comments about work originally published from the Brown University [1] and the University of Edinburgh, UK [2, 3].\u00a0 If one reads the reports, they present a scenario where it might<\/span><\/i> be possible to have an adverse effect on people.\u00a0 But, knowing the potential and ensuring the necessary precautions are taken should mitigate the possibility of harm.\u00a0 A very sharp knife is dangerous if mishandled.\u00a0 Hopefully, all of us handle them with adequate caution.<\/p>\n

Graphene is a pure form of carbon.\u00a0 There are other possibilities where other atoms are introduced into the carbon matrix and result in totally different properties.\u00a0 However, having the same dimensional thickness, the concerns raised above will still apply.<\/p>\n

Graphane <\/span><\/b>has the same honeycomb structure as graphene, except hydrogen atoms are introduced into the lattice and attach themselves to the carbon. The resulting bonds between the hydrogen and carbon atoms effectively change the conducting structure of graphene to the insulating properties of graphene.\u00a0 Even with this addition, graphane retains the thinness, super-strength, flexibility and density of graphene.<\/p>\n

There are other two-dimensional materials that also have interesting properties.\u00a0 Boron Nitride<\/b> has seen significant research.\u00a0 There is a 2012 article in IEEE Spectrum [4] that indicates Molybdenum Disulfide <\/b>cold be a choice for future electronics.<\/p>\n

Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) are the same basic structure as graphene, but exist in a tubalar form.\u00a0 Depending on the chirality (direction of roll of the carbon matrix), the material exhibits conductive or semiconducting properties.\u00a0 With conductive, insolating, and semiconducting properties, the question is how soon will there be electronic applications of these materials.<\/p>\n

The answer requires that there be a manufacturing process developed.\u00a0 Current semiconductor manufacturing produces billions of transistors for single devices through a process that creates the transistors via an additive process.\u00a0 Considering that millions of devices are produced each week, the number of individual transistors produced per second is very large.\u00a0 Current development efforts of nanoelectronics are still very slow compared to semiconductors.\u00a0 Developments in the manufacturing process are required before nanomaterial based electronics become affordable.<\/p>\n

One parting thought for this week\u2019s blog.\u00a0 If we can change graphene (conductive) to graphene (insulating) by adding hydrogen, will this or other changes occur naturally when the device is exposed to an operating environment?\u00a0 If it happens, then the properties of the device will change in a way that will not be beneficial.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. http:\/\/io9.com\/graphene-miracle-material-could-be-toxic-to-humans-786847545<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. http:\/\/www.materialstoday.com\/view\/26393\/is-graphene-safe-comment\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. http:\/\/news.techeye.net\/science\/health-fears-hamper-graphene-development<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. http:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/nanoclast\/semiconductors\/nanotechnology\/graphene-is-losing-favor-as-the-twodimensional-material-of-the-future<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Next week\u2019s blog will consider the classification of nanomaterials based on size alone.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Graphene is one form of carbon atoms arranged in a densely packed hexagonal lattice.\u00a0 It has been called a two-dimensional material due to the fact that most references [..]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nano","category-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26,"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions\/26"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nano-blog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}